Saluton, everyone!
I actually maintained to discover lots of grammar features in Esperanto today!
Therefore, I'm going to make several posts (by days) explaining them.
Well, the first one is the active and passive participles subject - words which present an action as a noun or adjective.
Participles are actually the word representing the time (like 'i' for the past and etc.) combined with letters for active and passive.
Past: int (past active participle), it (past passive participle)
Present: ant (present active participle), at (present passive participle)
Future: ont (future active participle), ot (future passive participle)
The structure: Stem + participle conjugation + ending (a / o / e)
Ex.
Pensante
(pensi - to think | ant - present active participle | e - adverb)
= While thinking
Murdita persono
(murdi - to murder | it - past passive participle | a - adjective)
= A person who was murdered
Rigardonto
(rigardi - to watch | ont - future active participle | o - noun)
= One who will watch
Bonus: The etymology of the word Esperanto
Lazarus Ludwig Zamenhof once signed his book as "Doktoro Esperanto".
Esperanto
(esperi - to hope | ant - present active participle | o - noun)
= One who hopes
This word, "Esperanto", is actually how the language is called nowadays.
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